??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????
??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? “??? ??” ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????. ??????, ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????.
???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???. ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????


??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????
??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????
1. ???? ???? ????? ?????
??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? 1,400°C (2,552°F) ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????
??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 70% ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????
???? ???? ???: ??? 0.03 W/m·K ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?15-30% ????.
??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???















